托福阅读考试技巧及真题答案汇总_托福阅读

　　关于托福阅读考试，不少考生认为难度很大，不好突破，有的考生则认为托福阅读考试很简单，出现这两种结果的原因主要是备考方法、学习基础的差别。新航道托福培训小编认为托福阅读考试首先要积累丰富的词汇量，然后掌握好阅读技巧。

托福阅读考试技巧及真题答案汇总

　　托福阅读答题技巧简要的给大家分享下。

　　首先是把握好关键词，准确定位答案位置，要做到这一点就要对文章的细节做好认真识别。然后就是善于使用排除法，托福阅读题目中有不少的干扰信息，如果大家逐字扫描很浪费时间，正确的做法应该是从题目中找答案，如果自相矛盾或者意思明显相反的答案，就可以直接排除，然后再对模糊选项进行确认，这样就会省力很多。

　　另外，考生在做托福阅读题时还有搞清楚句子顺序上的变化，尤其是善于捕捉关键句子。然就是区分同义词、近义词、相关词。这是能否准确找出正确答案的关键，最后就是猜词义，托福阅读考试词量大，大家没有必要去读懂每一个词，如果遇到不认识的单词，可以联系前后内容猜词义。

　　下面新航道托福培训小编给大家分享下托福阅读考试真题及答案，大家可以试着先去做题，然后再对答案，根据答案去分析下答题方法。

　　托福阅读考试真题一：

　　The economic depression in the late-nineteenth-century United States contributed significantly to a growing movement in literature toward realism and naturalism. After the 1870's, a number of important authors began to reject the romanticism that had prevailed immediately following the Civil War of 1861-1865 and turned instead to realism. Determined to portray life as it was, with fidelity to real life and accurate representation without idealization, they studied local dialects, wrote stories which focused on life in specific regions of the country, and emphasized the true relationships between people. In doing so, they reflected broader trends in the society, such as industrialization, evolutionary theory which emphasized the effect of the environment on humans, and the influence of science.

　　Realists such as Joel Chandler Harris and Ellen Glasgow depicted life in the South, Hamlin Garland described life on the Great Plains, and Sarah Orne Jewett wrote about everyday life in rural New England. Another realist, Bret Harte, achieved fame with stories that portrayed local life in the California mining camps. Samuel Clemens, who adopted the pen name Mark Twain, became the country's most outstanding realist author, observing life around him with a humorous and skeptical eye. In his stories and novels, Twain drew on his own experiences and used dialect and common speech instead of literary language, touching off a major change in American prose style.

　　Other writers became impatient even with realism. Pushing evolutionary theory to its limits, they wrote of a world in which a cruel and merciless environment determined human fate. These writers, called naturalists, often focused on economic hardship, studying people struggling with poverty, and other aspects of urban and industrial life. Naturalists brought to their writing a passion for direct and honest experience.

　　Theodore Dreiser, the foremost naturalist writer, in novels such as Sister Carrie, grimly portrayed a dark world in which human beings were tossed about by forces beyond their understanding or control. Dreiser thought that writers should tell the truth about human affairs, not fabricate romance, and Sister Carrie, he said, was not intended as a piece of literary craftsmanship, but was a picture of conditions.

　　1. Which aspect of late-nineteenth-century United States literature does the passage mainly

　　discuss?

　　(A) The influence of science on literature

　　(B) The importance of dialects for realist writers

　　(D) The effects of industrialization on romanticism

　　2. The word prevailed in line 4 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) dominated

　　(B) transformed

　　(D) generalized

　　3. The word they in line 8 refers to

　　(A) authors

　　(B) dialects

　　(D) relationships

　　4. According to the passage , a highly significant factor in the development of realist and

　　naturalist literature was

　　(A) the Civil War

　　(B) a recognition that romanticism was unpopular

　　(D) an economic depression

　　5. Realist writers took an interest in all of the following EXCEPT

　　(A) human relationships

　　(B) characteristics of different regions

　　(D) social and historical theories

　　6. The word depicted in line 11 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) emphasized

　　(B) described

　　(D) classified

　　7. Why does the author mention mining camps in line 14?

　　(A) To contrast the themes of realist and naturalist writers

　　(B) To illustrate how Bret Harte differed from other authors

　　(D) As an example of how setting can influence literary style

　　8. Which of the following wrote about life in rural New England?

　　(A) Ellen Glasgow

　　(B) Sarah Orne Jewett

　　(D) Mark Twain

　　9. Mark Twain is considered an important literary figure because he

　　(A) was the first realist writer in the United States

　　(B) rejected romanticism as a literary approach

　　(D) influenced American prose style through his use of common speech

　　10. The word foremost in line 25 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) most difficult

　　(B) interesting

　　(D) leading

　　11. Which of the following statements about Theodore Dreiser is supported by the passage ?

　　(A) He mainly wrote about historical subjects such as the Civil War.

　　(B) His novels often contained elements of humor.

　　(D) He believed writers should emphasize the positive aspects of life.

　　PASSAGE 83 CAADC BCBDD C

　　托福阅读考试真题二：

　　It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct. What causes extinction? When a species is no longer adapted to a changed environment, it may perish. The exact causes of a species' death vary from situation to situation. Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species. For example, temperatures may change and a species may not be able to adapt. Food resources may be affected by environmental changes, which will then cause problems for a species requiring these resources. Other species may become better adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the death of a species.

　　The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth. Recent analyses have also revealed that on some occasions many species became extinct at the same time — a mass extinction. One of the best-known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs and many other forms of life. Perhaps the largest mass extinction was the one that occurred 225 million years ago, when approximately 95 percent of all species died, mass extinctions can be caused by a relatively rapid change in the environment and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of many species. If, for example, something were to happen to destroy much of the plankton in the oceans, then the oxygen content of Earth would drop, affection even organisms not living in the oceans. Such a change would probably lead to a mass extinction.

　　One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250 million years have tended to be more intense every 26 million years. This periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the Earth's orbit with a cloud of comets, but this theory is purely speculative. Some researchers have also speculated that extinction may often be random. That is, certain species may be eliminated and others may survive for no particular reason. A species' survival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt. If so, some of evolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially random events.

　　1. The word it in line 3 refers to

　　(A) environment

　　(B) species

　　(D) 99 percent

　　2. The word ultimately in line 8 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) exceptionally

　　(B) dramatically

　　(D) unfortunately

　　3. What does the author say in paragraph 1 regarding most species in Earth's history

　　(A) They have remained basically unchanged from their original forms.

　　(B) They have been able to adapt to ecological changes.

　　(D) They are no longer in existence.

　　4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as resulting from rapid ecological

　　change?

　　(A) Temperature changes

　　(B) Availability of food resources

　　(D) Competition among species

　　5. The word demise in line 12 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) change

　　(B) recovery

　　(D) death

　　6. Why is plankton mentioned in line 17?

　　(A) To demonstrate the interdependence of different species.

　　(B) To emphasize the importance of food resources in preventing mass extinction.

　　ocean.

　　(D) To point out that certain species could never become extinct.

　　7. According to paragraph 2, evidence from fossils suggests that

　　(A) Extinction of species has occurred from time to time throughout Earth's history.

　　(B) Extinctions on Earth have generally been massive

　　(D) Dinosaurs became extinct much earlier than scientists originally believed.

　　8. The word finding in line 20 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) published information

　　(B) research method

　　(D) scientific discovery

　　9. Which of the following can be inferred about the theory mentioned in Line 21-23?

　　(A) Many scientists could be expected to disagree with it.

　　(B) Evidence to support the theory has recently been found.

　　(D) Most scientists believe the theory to be accurate.

　　10. In paragraph 3, the author makes which of the following statements about a species' survival?

　　(A) It reflects the interrelationship of many species.

　　(B) It may depend on chance events.

　　(D) It is associated with astronomical conditions.

　　11. According to the passage , it is believed that the largest extinction of a species occurred

　　(A) 26 million years ago

　　(B) 65 million years ago

　　(D) 250 million years ago

　　PASSAGE 77 BCDCD AADAB C

　　托福阅读考试真题三：

　　The lack of printing regulations and the unenforceability of British copyright law in the American colonies made it possible for colonial printers occasionally to act as publishers. Although they rarely undertook major publishing project because it was difficult to sell books as cheaply as they could be imported from Europe, printers in Philadelphia did publish work that required only small amounts of capital, paper, and type. Broadsides could be published with minimal financial risk. Consisting of only one sheet of paper and requiring small amounts of type, broadsides involved lower investments of capital than longer works. Furthermore, the broadside format lent itself to subjects of high, if temporary, interest, enabling them to meet with ready sale. If the broadside printer miscalculated, however, and produced a sheet that did not sell, it was not likely to be a major loss, and the printer would know this immediately, There would be no agonizing wait with large amounts of capital tied up, books gathering dust on the shelves, and creditors impatient for payment.

　　In addition to broadsides, books and pamphlets, consisting mainly of political tracts, catechisms, primers, and chapbooks were relatively inexpensive to print and to buy. Chapbooks were pamphlet-sized books, usually containing popular tales, ballads, poems, short plays, and jokes, small, both in formal and number of pages, they were generally bound simply, in boards (a form of cardboard) or merely stitched in paper wrappers (a sewn antecedent of modern-day paperbacks). Pamphlets and chapbooks did not require fine paper or a great deal of type to produce they could thus be printed in large, cost-effective editions and sold cheaply.

　　By far, the most appealing publishing investments were to be found in small books that had proven to be steady sellers, providing a reasonably reliable source of income for the publisher. They would not, by nature, be highly topical or political, as such publications would prove of fleeting interest. Almanacs, annual publications that contained information on astronomy and weather patterns arranged according to the days, week, and months of a given year, provided the perfect steady seller because their information pertained to the locale in which they would be used.

　　1. Which aspect of colonial printing does the passage mainly discuss?

　　(A) Laws governing the printing industry.

　　(B) Competition among printers

　　(D) Advances in printing technology

　　2. According to the passage , why did colonial printers avoid major publishing projects?

　　(A) Few colonial printers owned printing machinery that was large enough to handle major

　　projects.

　　(B) There was inadequate shipping available in the colonies.

　　(D) Colonial printers did not have the skills necessary to undertake large publishing projects.

　　3. Broadsides could be published with little risk to colonial printers because they

　　(A) required a small financial investment and sold quickly

　　(B) were in great demand in European markets

　　(D) generally dealt with topics of long-term interest to many colonists

　　4. The word they in line 17 refers to

　　(A) chapbooks

　　(B) tales

　　(D) pages

　　5. The word antecedent in line 19 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) predecessor

　　(B) format

　　(D) component

　　6. Chapbooks produced in colonial America were characterized by

　　(A) fine paper

　　(B) cardboard covers

　　(D) a large number of pages

　　7. The word appealing in line 22 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) dependable

　　(B) respectable

　　(D) attractive

　　8. What were steady sellers (line 23)?

　　(A) Printers whose incomes were quite large

　　(B) People who traveled from town to town selling Books and pamphlets

　　(D) Publications whose sales were usually consistent from year to year

　　9. The word locale in line 28 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) topic

　　(B) season

　　(D) place

　　10. All of the following are defined in the passage EXCEPT

　　(A) Broadsides (line 6)

　　(B) catechisms (line 15)

　　(D) Almanacs (line 25)

　　PASSAGE 84 CCAAA BDDDB

　　托福阅读考试真题四：

　　Tulips are Old World, rather than New World, plants, with the origins of the species lying in Central Asia. They became an integral part of the gardens of the Ottoman Empire from the sixteenth century onward, and, soon after, part of European life as well. Holland, in particular, became famous for its cultivation of the flower.

　　A tenuous line marked the advance of the tulip to the New World, where it was unknown in the wild. The first Dutch colonies in North America had been established in New Netherlands by the Dutch West India Company in 1624, and one individual who settled in New Amsterdam (today's Manhattan section of New York City) in 1642 described the flowers that bravely colonized the settlers' gardens. They were the same flowers seen in Dutch still-life paintings of the time: crown imperials, roses, carnations, and of course tulips. They flourished in Pennsylvania too, where in 1698 William Penn received a report of John Tateham's Great and Stately Palace, its garden full of tulips. By 1760, Boston newspapers were advertising 50 different kinds of mixed tulip roots. But the length of the journey between Europe and North America created many difficulties. Thomas Hancock, an English settler, wrote thanking his plant supplier for a gift of some tulip bulbs from England, but his letter the following year grumbled that they were all dead.

　　Tulips arrived in Holland, Michigan, with a later wave of early nineteenth-century Dutch immigrants who quickly colonized the plains of Michigan. Together with many other Dutch settlements, such as the one at Pella, Iowa, they established a regular demand for European plants. The demand was bravely met by a new kind of tulip entrepreneur, the traveling salesperson. One Dutchman, Hendrick van der Schoot, spent six months in 1849 traveling through the United States taking orders for tulip bulbs. While tulip bulbs were traveling from Europe to the United States to satisfy the nostalgic longings of homesick English and Dutch settlers, North American plants were traveling in the opposite direction. In England, the enthusiasm for American plants was one reason why tulips dropped out of fashion in the gardens of the rich and famous.

　　1. Which of the following questions does the passage mainly answer?

　　(A) What is the difference between an Old World and a New World plant?

　　(B) Why are tulips grown in many different parts of the world?

　　(D) Where were the first Dutch colonies in North America located?

　　2. The word integral in line 2 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) interesting

　　(B) fundamental

　　(D) overlooked

　　3. The passage mentions that tulips were first found in which of the following regions?

　　(A) Central Asia

　　(B) Western Europe

　　(D) North America

　　4. The word flourished in line 11 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) were discovered

　　(B) were marketed

　　(D) thrived

　　5. The author mentions tulip growing in New Netherlands, Pennsylvania. and Michigan in order to

　　illustrate how

　　(A) imported tulips were considered more valuable than locally grown tulips

　　(B) tulips were commonly passed as gifts from one family to another

　　(D) attitudes toward tulips varied from one location to another

　　6. The word grumbled in line 16 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) denied

　　(B) warned

　　(D) explained

　　7. The passage mentions that one reason English and Dutch settlers planted tulips in their

　　gardens was that tulips

　　(A) were easy to grow

　　(B) had become readily available

　　(D) reminded them of home

　　8. The word they in line 20 refers to

　　(A) tulips

　　(B) plains

　　(D) plants

　　9. According to the passage , which of the following changes occurred in English gardens during

　　the European settlement of North America?

　　(A) They grew in size in order to provide enough plants to export to the New World.

　　(B) They contained a wider variety of tulips than ever before.

　　(D) They decreased in size on the estates of wealthy people.

　　10. The passage mentions which of the following as a problem associated with the importation of

　　tulips into North America?

　　(A) They were no longer fashionable by the time they arrived.

　　(B) They often failed to survive the journey.

　　(D) Settlers knew little about how to cultivate them.

　　PASSAGE 85 CBADC CDCCB

　　托福阅读考试真题五：

　　Naturalists and casual observers alike have been struck by the special relationship between squirrels and acorns (the seeds of oak trees). Ecologists, though, cannot observe these energetic mammals scurrying up and down oak trees and eating and burying acorns without wondering about their complex relationship with trees. Are squirrels dispersers and planters of oak forests or pesky seed predators? The answer is not simple. Squirrels may devour many acorns, but by storing and failing to recover up to 74 percent of them as they do when seeds are abundant, these arboreal rodents can also aid regeneration and dispersal of the oaks.

　　Their destructive powers are well documented. According to one report, squirrels destroyed tens of thousands of fallen acorns from an oak stand on the University of Indiana campus. A professor there estimated that each of the large white oaks had produced between two and eight thousand acorns, but within weeks of seed maturity, hardly an intact acorn could be found among the fallen leaves. Deer, turkey, wild pigs, and bears also feed heavily on acorns, but do not store them, and are therefore of no benefit to the trees. Flying squirrels, chipmunks, and mice are also unlikely to promote tree dispersal, as they often store seeds in tree cavities and underground burrows. Only squirrels — whose behavior of caching (hiding) acorns below the leaf litter — often promote successful germination of acorns, and perhaps blue jays, important long-distance dispersers, seem to help oaks spread and reproduce.

　　Among squirrels, though, there is a particularly puzzling behavior pattern. Squirrels pry off the caps of acorns, bite through the shells to get at the nutritious inner kernels, and then discard them half-eaten. The ground under towering oaks is often littered with thousands of half-eaten acorns, each one only bitten from the top. Why would any animal waste so much time and energy and risk exposure to such predators as red-tail hawks only to leave a large part of each acorn uneaten? While research is not conclusive at this point, one thing that is certain is that squirrels do hide some of the uneaten portions, and these acorn halves, many of which contain the seeds, may later germinate.

　　1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

　　(A) The ecology of oak trees

　　(B) Factors that determine the feeding habits of Squirrels

　　(D) The relationship between squirrels and oak trees

　　2. The word they in line 7 refers to

　　(A) oak forests

　　(B) acorns

　　(D) predators

　　3. According to the passage , what do squirrels do when large quantities of acorns are available?

　　(A) They do not store acorns.

　　(B) They eat more than 74 percent of available acorns.

　　(D) They hide acorns in tree cavities.

　　4. The word estimated in line 11 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) commented

　　(B) judged

　　(D) discovered

　　5. Why does the author mention the University of Indiana campus in line 10 -11?

　　(A) to provide evidence that intact acorns are hard to find under oak trees

　　(B) to indicate a place where squirrels can aid seed dispersal of oaks

　　(D) to support the claim that squirrels can do great damage to oak stands

　　6. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that chipmunks do not aid in the dispersal of oak trees

　　because

　　(A) they store their acorns where they cannot germinate

　　(B) they consume most of their stored acorns

　　(D) they cannot travel the long distance required for dispersal

　　7. According to the passage , which of the following do squirrels and blue jays have in common?

　　(A) They travel long distances to obtain acorns.

　　(B) They promote the reproduction of oak trees.

　　(D) They store large quantities of acorns.

　　8. The phrase pry off in line 21 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) swallow

　　(B) remove

　　(D) locate

　　9. The word littered in line 22 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) covered

　　(B) displayed

　　(D) planted

　　10. According to the passage , scientists cannot explain which of the following aspects of squirrel

　　behavior?

　　(A) Where squirrels store their acorn caches

　　(B) Why squirrels prefer acorns over other seeds

　　(D) Why squirrels prefer acorns from a particular species of oak trees

　　PASSAGE 98 DCCBD DBBAC

　　托福阅读考试真题六：

　　Of all modern instruments, the violin is apparently one of the simplest. It consists in essence of a hollow, varnished wooden sound box, or resonator, and a long neck, covered with a fingerboard, along which four strings are stretched at high tension. The beauty of design, shape, and decoration is no accident: the proportions of the instrument are determined almost entirely by acoustical considerations. Its simplicity of appearance is deceptive. About 70 parts are involved in the construction of a violin. Its tone and its outstanding range of expressiveness make it an ideal solo instrument. No less important, however, is its role as an orchestral and chamber instrument. In combination with the larger and deeper-sounding members of the same family, the violins form the nucleus of the modern symphony orchestra.

　　The violin has been in existence since about 1550. Its importance as an instrument in its own right dates from the early 1600's, when it first became standard in Italian opera orchestras. Its stature as an orchestral instrument was raised further when in 1626 Louis XIII of France established at his court the orchestra known as Les vingt-quatre violins du Roy (The King's 24 Violins), which was to become widely famous later in the century.

　　In its early history, the violin had a dull and rather quiet tone resulting from the fact that the strings were thick and were attached to the body of the instrument very loosely. During the eighteenth and nineteenth century, exciting technical changes were inspired by such composer-violinists as Vivaldi and Tartini. Their instrumental compositions demanded a fuller, clearer, and more brilliant tone that was produced by using thinner strings and a far higher string tension. Small changes had to be made to the violin's internal structure and to the fingerboard so that they could withstand the extra strain. Accordingly, a higher standard of performance was achieved, in terms of both facility and interpretation. Left-hand technique was considerably elaborated, and new fingering patterns on the fingerboard were developed for very high notes.

　　1. The word standard in line 12 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) practical

　　(B) customary

　　(D) unusual

　　2. The King's 24 Violins is mentioned in line 15 to illustrate

　　(A) how the violin became a renowned instrument

　　(B) the competition in the 1600's between French and Italian orchestras

　　(D) why the violin was considered the only instrument suitable to be played by royalty

　　3. What is the main idea presented in paragraph 3?

　　(A) The violin has been modified to fit its evolving musical functions.

　　(B) The violin is probably the best known and most widely distributed musical instrument in the

　　world.

　　(D) The technique of playing the violin has remained essentially the same since the 1600's.

　　4. The author mentions Vivaldi and Tartini in line 19 as examples of composers whose music

　　(A) inspired more people to play the violin

　　(B) had to be adapted to the violin

　　(D) could be played only by their students

　　5. The word they in line 22 refers to

　　(A) Civaldi and Tartini

　　(B) thinner strings and a higher string tension

　　(D) internal structure and fingerboard

　　6. The word strain in line 22 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) struggle

　　(B) strength

　　(D) stress

　　7. The word Accordingly in line 23 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) However

　　(B) Consequently

　　(D) Ultimately

　　8. According to the passage , early violins were different from modern violins in that early violins

　　(A) were heavier

　　(B) broke down more easily

　　(D) were easier to play

　　9. According to the passage , which of the following contributes to a dull sound being produced

　　by a violin?

　　(A) A long fingerboard

　　(B) A small body

　　(D) Thick strings

　　10. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?

　　(A) resonator (line 2)

　　(B) solo (line 7)

　　(D) fingering patterns (lines 24-25)

　　11. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as contributing to the ability to play modern

　　violin music EXCEPT

　　(A) more complicated techniques for the left hand

　　(B) different ways to use the fingers to play very high notes

　　(D) minor alterations to the structure of the instrumentANSWER KEYS

　　PASSAGE 100 BAACD DBCAA C

　　托福阅读考试真题七：

　　Scientists have discovered that for the last 160,000 years, at least, there has been a consistent relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide in the air and the average temperature of the planet. The importance of carbon dioxide in regulating the Earth's temperature was confirmed by scientists working in eastern Antarctica. Drilling down into a glacier, they extracted a mile-long cylinder of ice from the hole. The glacier had formed as layer upon layer of snow accumulated year after year. Thus drilling into the ice was tantamount to drilling back through time.

　　The deepest sections of the core are composed of water that fell as snow 160,000 years ago. Scientists in Grenoble, France, fractured portions of the core and measured the composition of ancient air released from bubbles in the ice. Instruments were used to measure the ratio of certain isotopes in the frozen water to get an idea of the prevailing atmospheric temperature at the time when that particular bit of water became locked in the glacier.

　　The result is a remarkable unbroken record of temperature and of atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide. Almost every time the chill of an ice age descended on the planet, carbon dioxide levels dropped. When the global temperature dropped 9 F (5 C°), carb°on dioxide levels dropped to 190 parts per million or so. Generally, as each ice age ended and the Earth basked in a warm interglacial period, carbon dioxide levels were around 280 parts per million. Through the 160,000 years of that ice record, the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere fluctuated between 190 and 280 parts per million, but never rose much higher-until the Industrial Revolution beginning in the eighteenth century and continuing today.

　　There is indirect evidence that the link between carbon dioxide levels and global temperature change goes back much further than the glacial record. Carbon dioxide levels may have been much greater than the current concentration during the Carboniferous period, 360 to 285 million years ago. The period was named for a profusion of plant life whose buried remains produced a large fraction of the coal deposits that are being brought to the surface and burned today.

　　1. Which of the following does the passage mainly discuss?

　　(A) Chemical causes of ice ages

　　(B) Techniques for studying ancient layers of ice in glaciers

　　(D) Effects of plant life on carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere

　　2. The word accumulated in line 6 is closest in meaning to.

　　(A) spread out

　　(B) changed

　　(D) built up

　　3. According to the passage , the drilling of the glacier in eastern Antarctica was important

　　because it

　　(A) allowed scientists to experiment with new drilling techniques

　　(B) permitted the study of surface temperatures in an ice-covered region of Earth

　　(D) confirmed earlier findings about how glaciers are formed

　　4. The phrase tantamount to in line 7 is closest in meaning to

　　A) complementary to

　　(B) practically the same as

　　(D) unlikely to be confused with

　　5. According to the passage , Grenoble, France, is the place where

　　(A) instruments were developed for measuring certain chemical elements

　　(B) scientists first recorded atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide

　　(D) the relationship between carbon dioxide and temperature was discovered

　　6. According to the passage , scientists used isotopes from the water of the ice core to determine

　　which of following?

　　(A) The amount of air that had bubbled to the surface since the ice had formed

　　(B) The temperature of the atmosphere when the ice was formed

　　(D) The rate at which water had been frozen in the glacier

　　7. The word remarkable in line 14 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) genuine

　　(B) permanent

　　(D) continuous

　　8. The word link in line 23 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) tension

　　(B) connection

　　(D) distance

　　9. The passage implies that the warmest temperatures among the periods mentioned occurred

　　(A) in the early eighteenth century

　　(B) 160,000 years ago

　　(D) between 360 and 285 million years ago

　　10. According to the passage , the Carboniferous period was characterized by

　　(A) a reduction in the number of coal deposits

　　(B) the burning of a large amount of coal

　　(D) an accelerated rate of glacier formation

　　11. The passage explains the origin of which of the following terms?

　　(A) glacier (line 5)

　　(B) isotopes (line 11)

　　(D) Carboniferous period (lines 26)

　　PASSAGE 99 CDCBC BCBAC D

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