托福阅读题中指代题并不是难度非常高的一类题型，但这个题型如果不掌握正确合理的解题思路，却很容易成为相当耗费时间的题型。下面小编会为大家分析托福阅读指代题的5种实用解题思路，通过不同实例为大家做详细讲解。
1. 主从复合句中的指代在主从复合句中，第二句的代词主语经常指代句的名词主语。例如：
The fins are stiff, smooth, and narrow, qualities that also help cut drag. When not in use, the fins are tucked into special grooves or depressions so that they lie flush with the body and do not break up its smooth contours. The word they in the passage refers to?
A. qualities
B. fins
C. grooves
D. depressions
在这一例子中，从句so that they…中的代词主语they指代主句的名词主语the fins，因此第二个选项为正确答案。
如果主从复合句中一个句子(可以是主句，也可以是从句)使用被动语态，包含被动语态的句子中的主语常指代另一句中的宾语。例如，Similarly, a plant or animal cannot squander all its energy on growing a big body if none would be left over for reproduction, for this is the surest way to extinction. The word none in the passage refers to?
A. food
B. plant or animal
C. energy
D. big body
在本例中，if引导的从句使用了被动语态，代词主语none指代前面主句中的宾语energy.因此，第三个选项为正确答案。
2. 并列动词中的指代如果一个句中有两个并列的动词，第二个动词的代词宾语经常指代前一个动词后的名词宾语。例如，
Artists are recognizing the distinction between public and private spaces, and taking that into account when executing their public commissions.
The word “that” in line 27 refers to
A. contemporary art
B. opportunity
C. audience
D. distinction
句中有两个并列的动词recognizing和taking (into account)，其中recognizing的宾语是distinction，而taking的宾语是that.根据上述技巧，that指代distinction.因此，D为正确答案。
3. 平行结构中的指代
平行结构主要包括some/most/many/such/each…, others…; not only…but also…; the former…the latter等。在这种结构中，平行结构两个部分的两个代词经常指代同一对象：前一句中的名词主语。例如，In Southwest France in the 1940s, playing children discovered Lascaux Grotto, a series of narrow cave chambers that contain huge prehistoric paintings of animals. Many of these beasts are as large as 16 feet (almost 5 meters). Some follow each other in solemn parades, but others swirl about, sideways and upside down.
The word others in the passage refers to
A. chambers
B. paintings
C. beasts
D. parades
原文包含平行结构some…others，它们都指代前一句中的名词主语beasts，因此第三个选项为正确答案。
4. 所有格的指代
所有格代词经常指代其前面与其最接近的名词。例如：
Folk-made objects give way to their popular equivalent, usually because the popular item is more quickly or cheaply produced, is easier or time saving to use, or lends more prestige to the owner.
The word “their” in line 1 refers to
A. folk
B. nations
C. countries
D. objects
根据所有格指代的解题技巧，their指代前面位置最近的名词objects，因此D为正确答案。
5. 指代的接力棒现象这一现象是指被考的代词对应前面一个相同的代词，而前面的代词指代更前一句中的名词。例如:
While such interviews can be highly entertaining, they are not necessarily an accurate indication of public opinion. First, they reflect the opinions of only those people who appear at a certain location.
The word “they” in line 8 refers to
A. North Americans
B. news shows
C. interviews
D. Opinions
在这一例子中，第二句中的代词they(reflect the opinions…)对应句中的they(are not…)，而个they指代前面从句中的名词主语interviews，那么第二个they也指代interviews，因此C为正确答案。
如果你想了解更多雅思托福课程，留学规划或者有任何疑问，欢迎联系新航道重庆学校。
新航道重庆学校官网：cq.xhd.cn
新航道重庆学校电话：400-185-9090
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