ACT阅读文章中，修辞表达是一个重要的特点，也是很多文章考察的重点，对于比较简单的比喻，大部分同学还是没有问题的。但是，只要遇到稍微复杂一点的修辞性的语言，很多同学就会觉得束手无策，花很长时间纠结，导致耽误了其他的做题时间。那么，今天就给大家讲一下在ACT阅读中经常出现的几种修辞表达，让大家以后遇到这样的表达可以从容应对。

　　1. Simile 明喻&类比Analogy

　　明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比，这种共性存在于人们的心里，而不是事物的自然属性。

　　它的目的有两个：(1)使描写更形象具体;(2)比较两个事物的相似性。

　　标志词常用：like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as 等。

　　(1) I wandered lonely as a stay dog.(突出我和流浪狗一样孤独)

　　(2) Einstein likes to put a cloak on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. (突出爱因斯坦像童话里一样，有个美好的形象)

　　(3) So compared with any ordinary beam of light, the laser beam is a very orderly affair indeed. It is like a military march-everyone in step. In an ordinary beam, the waves are like the people in a crowd going to a football match, jostling and bumping into one another.(突出激光像军队一样整洁，普通光像足球场的人般混乱)

　　(4) He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen for him to crow.(突出他像一个自我以为是的公鸡)

　　Analogy类比，我们可以看成是一种高阶的比喻，它指的是是两个不同事物之间在多种抽象品质方面的共性。有时候会有just as...so作为标志词，有时候没有特别明显的标志词。

　　(1)Just as French people enjoy their wine, so the British enjoy their beer.(体现了法国人对于红酒的热爱和英国人对于啤酒的热爱)在ACT阅读中，有时候有原文是由明确的明瑜现象出现，这些地方通常情况下也是会出题的地方，比如，题目经常会考到具体把谁比作谁，或者这个比喻是想突出被比喻者什么样的特点或者情感。

　　2. Parallelism 平行 &Antithesis 反衬

　　平行是指在特定的语境中，将相同的结构，相同意义词或者语气一致的几个词，词组或者句子排列成串，形成一个整体。使语言有力流畅，达到强调突出的目的。

　　(1) We will never parley; we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang.

　　(2) That is our policy and that is our declaration.

　　(3) They vanish from a world where they were of no consequence, where they achieved nothing， where they were a mistake and a failure and a foolishness.

　　在平行句式里，如果把结构对称但是意义对立的两个词甚至多个词并列在一起，就形成新的修辞格，即反衬。反衬一般会形成强烈的对比。

　　(1) They vanish from a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever.

　　(2) The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.

　　(3) The coward does it with a kiss, the brave man with a sword.