2月份大陆地区的考试中，出现了一个较低频的话题：水资源问题（环境话题类型）。
对于缺乏考前没有积累话题素材的同学们来说，这道题有一定的难度。今天，新航道的小编借助这道考试原题，来给同学们补充一些此话题必备的论点和表达。
首先来回顾一下考试原题：
Fresh water is a limited resource in some parts of the world. Today, increasing demand made it a global problem. What are the causes of increasing demand? What measures can governments and individuals take to solve this problem? （2021.2.27）
说到环境问题，大家最容易想到的应该是关于垃圾乱扔，交通工具尾气排放等常见考点，而这道题偏偏考的是关于自然资源的消耗问题，属于刷题不多的同学的考试盲点。
原因段中，大家只要记住，造成环境问题的主要主体：人，这道题就并不难解。
“人口的增加，对于水资源的使用和污染都会变大。”
原因段范文：
With regards to the causes of increasing demand, a few hundred thousand babies are born every day, which has led to massive numbers of people requiring water. Furthermore, less than one percent of the earth’s water is freshwater than can be used for drinking. Nonetheless, to add to this burden, a huge quantity of rivers, lakes and oceans are being polluted by humans, rendering this water undrinkable or unpurified. Water also needs to be used to plant more crops and power a vast number of industries, not to mention it is being depleted with the onset of climate change as bodies of water dry up.
在本段中，同学们需要记住的话题词有：
Undrinkable不可饮用的
Unpurified未净化的
Plant crops种植作物
Power a vast number of industries为许多产业提供动力
Be depleted with被……耗尽
The onset of climate change气候变化的到来
可以积累的句型有：
01
“To add to this burden, a huge quantity of rivers, lakes and oceans are being polluted by humans, rendering this water undrinkable or unpurified.”中,
“rendering”使用了非谓语中的动词分词形式，表示了动作的伴随，可用于进一步引出后果。
02
“Water also needs to be used to plant more crops and power a vast number of industries, not to mention it is being depleted with the onset of climate change as bodies of water dry up. ”中，
“not to mention+名词词组/句子”表示“更不用提……”，可以用于强调问题的严重性。
措施段范文：
In order to reverse this terrible trend, individuals need to learn to save water in their daily lives and treat water as a privilege, not a right. Governments must invest in developing techniques to either artificially create water or purify saltwater at lower costs. Along the same lines, governments ought to give tax breaks to companies that serve to create technologies to reduce the usage of water. On the other side, heavy polluters that dump industrial contaminants, creating waste water, ought to be significantly penalized in order to stop their actions.
本段中的重要话题词有：
Treat sth. As a privilege作为特权对待
Purify saltwater净化咸水
Give tax breaks给予税收减免
Heavy polluters重污染企业
Dump industrial contaminants倾倒工业污染物
Waste water废水
Penalise处罚
可以积累的句型有：
01
“In order to reverse this terrible trend, individuals need to …”本句可以作为报告类作文引出措施段时的过渡句型。
02
“Along the same lines, …”表示“同时……”，可用于进行措施或其他论点的并列或递进来使用。
需要注意的是，本话题并不是次出现在雅思考场上，也很有可能不是最后一次。同学们积累的以上表达在其他类似考题中可以反复应用。如2013年9月28日的考题：
Some people think they have rights to use as mush fresh water as they want. Others believe that the use of fresh water should be tightly controlled by the government as it is a limited resource. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
虽然是题型变成了“讨论双方观点”的问法，题干部分的表达也和上面的考题不完全一致，但是其本质都是分析淡水资源的稀缺性以及对应措施。因此，刚刚的原因段和措施段中的表达都可以使用。
同学们在复习其他大作文的话题时也应当像这样归类合并，集中背诵素材，才能提升学习的效率。
如果你想了解更多雅思托福课程，留学规划或者有任何疑问，欢迎联系新航道重庆学校。
新航道重庆学校官网：cq.xhd.cn
新航道重庆学校电话：400-185-9090
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