在托福考试中，不管是听说读写哪一部分，都需要有足够的词汇量累积，同时还需要考生需要通过一个词汇发散出相应的句型，下面是新航道重庆学校托福教研老师们研发的，关于托福综合写作考古类话题词汇及句型应用，详情如下所示。
TPO 5 重点词汇
1. settlement n. 定居地
例句：As early as the twelfth century A.D., the settlements of Chaco Canyon in New Mexico in the American Southwest were notable for their “great houses”, massive stone buildings that contain hundreds of rooms and often stand three or four stories high.
2. Archaeologist n. 考古学家
例句：Archaeologists have been trying to determine how the buildings were used.
3. residential adj. 住宅的 resident n. 居民
例句：One theory holds that the Chaco structures were purely residential, with each housing hundreds of people.
4. ceremonial adj. 仪式的 ceremony n. 仪式
例句：A third theory proposes that houses were used as ceremonial centers.
5. mound n. (大)堆
例句：Close to one house, called Pueblo Alto, archaeologists identified an enormous mound formed by a pile of old material.
6. document v. 记载
例句：Such ceremonies have been documented for other Native American cultures.
7. fireplace n. 壁炉
例句：If hundreds of people were living in the great houses, then there would have to be many fireplaces, where each family did its daily cooking, but there are very few fireplaces.
8. Excavation n. 发掘，挖掘 excavate v. 挖掘，开凿
It may sound plausible that large empty rooms were used for storage, but excavations of the great houses have not uncovered many traces of maize or maize containers.
附加词：Trace n. 痕迹，踪迹 maize n. 玉米，玉蜀黍 container n. 容器
开头段描述Mind map：
句式：(开头段)
The reading centers its discussion on _____________. However, the lecture asserts that none of the hypotheses in the passage is conclusive.
示例：
The reading centers its discussion on three theories concerning the usage of Chaco Canyon “great houses” which are located in New Mexico, Southwestern America. However, the lecture asserts that none of the hypotheses in the passage is conclusive.
TPO 33 重点词汇
1. carve v. 雕刻
例句：Carved stone balls are a curious type of artifact found at a number of locations in Scotland.
2. artifact n. 手工艺品
例句：Carved stone balls are a curious type of artifact found at a number of locations in Scotland.
3. Neolithic adj. 新石器时代的 Paleolithic adj. 旧石器时代的
例句：They date from the late Neolithic period, around 4,000 years ago.
4. primitive adj. 原始的
例句：Carved stone balls were used as part of a primitive system of weights and measures.
5. utilitarian adj.实用的 utilize v.利用
例句：Carved stone balls served a utilitarian purpose.
6. wear v./n.磨损
例句：Weapons such as arrowheads and hand axes generally show signs of wear.
附加词： arrowhead n.箭头，箭簇 axe n.斧
7. density n.密度 dense adj. 密集的
例句：Each type of stone has a different density.
8. pattern n. 图案 intricate adj.错综复杂的
例句：Some of the balls are carved with intricate patterns.
9. quartzite n. 石英岩
例句：This is because the stone balls were made with different types of stone including sandstone, green stone and quartzite.
分论点1 Mind map:
句式：(主体段)
In terms of ________, the author proposes a notion that ________, which is challenged by the speaker who argues that _______________________.
示例：
In terms of the first hypothesis about weapons, the author proposes a notion that those carved stone balls were utilized for hunting or fighting due to the traces on the surface of them, which is challenged by the speaker who argues that the weapons used by Neolithic people, such as arrowheads and hand axes, showed the signs of wear, and even got cracked or broken. However, the balls are preserved well without much damage.
2017.11.18真题 重点词汇
1. empire n.帝国
例句：The Roman Empire, at its height (c. 117 C.E.), was the most extensive political and social structure in western civilization.
2. legion n. (尤指古罗马的)军团
例句：Ninth Legion, a legion of the Imperial Roman army that was based in Britain, disappeared entirely after 108 C.E.
3. territory n. 领土，版图
例句：Those territories were guarded by legions.
4. mysterious adj. 神秘的，不易解释的
例句：The mysterious disappearance of the famous Ninth Legion always sparked off the interest of historians.
附加词：spark v. 触发，引发 historian n. 历史学家
5. rebellion n. 叛乱，谋反
例句：Around the time of the disappearance of the Ninth Legion, armed rebellions broke out in Caledonia (modern-day Scotland).
附加词：armed adj. 武装的，使用武力的 break out 爆发
6. dissolution n. 消亡，瓦解
例句：Unfortunately, the rebellion of the Scottish tribes may have brought about its dissolution.
附加词：tribe n. 部落 bring about 引发，引起
7. tile n. 瓷砖，瓦片
例句：A roof tile bearing the symbol of the Ninth Legion was found on the roof of a Roman fort in Netherland.
附加词：fort n. 堡垒，要塞
8. defeat v.击败，战胜 n.失败，战败
例句：The Ninth Legion, however, suffered a heavy defeat in that area, forever vanishing from Roman records.
9. dispatch v. 派遣，调遣
例句：The Romans did suffer substantial losses during the conflict, so the Roman governor of Britain was said to be dispatched to Judea to deal with the rebellion.
附加词： substantial adj. 大量的 governor n. 管辖者，总督
句式：(主体段)
The next theory in the reading suggests that ___________. Countering this argument, the professor disputes that _________________. Furthermore, ____________________________.
示例：
The next theory in the reading suggests that the Ninth Legion disappeared in Netherlands because the roof tiles found nearby a damaged Roman fort bear the symbol of this legion. Countering this argument, the professor disputes that these tiles can’t prove anything. In fact, a kiln is necessary to bake bricks or tiles, but no kiln was found by archaeologists nearby the damaged fort. Therefore, it could be anyone that transported the tiles from Britain to Netherlands.
分论点2 mind map:
句式：(主体段)
The next theory in the reading suggests that ___________. Countering this argument, the professor disputes that _________________. Furthermore, ____________________________.
示例：
The next theory in the reading suggests that the Ninth Legion disappeared in Netherlands because the roof tiles found nearby a damaged Roman fort bear the symbol of this legion. Countering this argument, the professor disputes that these tiles can’t prove anything. In fact, a kiln is necessary to bake bricks or tiles, but no kiln was found by archaeologists nearby the damaged fort. Therefore, it could be anyone that transported the tiles from Britain to Netherlands.
