下面小编要给继续大家分享的是关于托福写作大家常遇到的一些问题，老师通过大家常范的错误，教大家如何更快提升自己的写作水平
“英语写作范式”系列是笔者输入写作书籍后的输出。在追求更正式、更地道和更精简的英语写作的道路上，老师同样需要不断输入国内外高质量材料提高自己。
鉴于学生们时间有限，该系列将呈现重点，并结合学生高频失误和提升空间进行批注。
“英语写作范式”系列：
Book 1:
The Elements of Style by William Strunk
Elementary rules of usage （点击回顾）
Elementary principles of composition （点击回顾）
A few matters of form（点击回顾）
Words and expressions commonly misused
An approach to style
❗️❕❗️划重点❗️❕❗️
易混淆单词：Alternate/alternative, Disinterested/uninterested, In regard to/as regards, Imply/infer, Respective/respectively,Tortuous/torturous
单复数：data, strata, phenomena, and media 都是复数n.+复数v.
使用方式：etc.不适用于such as, for example等连接词后
因表意笼统无用，需要rephrase的单词：importantly, interesting, meaningful
比较级表达的完整性
The Elements of Style
Words and Expressions Commonly Misused
Alternate. Alternative.
The first means every other one in a series;
The second, one of two possibilities.
As the flooded road left them no alternative, they took the alternate route.
But. Unnecessary after doubt and help.
I have no doubt but that
I have no doubt that
He could not help but see that
He could not help seeing that
Case. Often unnecessary.
In many cases, the rooms lacked air conditioning.
Many of the rooms lacked air conditioning.
It has rarely been the case that any mistake has been made.
Few mistakes have been made.
Data. Like strata, phenomena, and media, data is a plural and is best used with a plural verb. The word, however, is slowly gaining acceptance as a singular.
Disinterested. Means "impartial." Do not confuse it with uninterested, which means "not interested in."
Let a disinterested person judge our dispute, (an impartial person)
This man is obviously uninterested in our dispute, (couldn't care less)
Due to. Loosely used for through, because of, or owing to, in adverbial phrases.
In correct use, synonymous with attributable to
The accident was due to bad weather
losses due to preventable fires.
He lost the first game due to carelessness.
He lost the first game because of carelessness. (better)
Effect
As a noun, means "result"; as a verb, means "to bring about," "to accomplish" (not to be confused with affect, which means "to influence").
As a noun, often loosely used in perfunctory writing about fashions, music, painting, and other arts: "a Southwestern effect"; "effects in pale green"; "very delicate effects"; "subtle effects"; "a charming effect was produced." The writer who has a definite meaning to express will not take refuge in such vagueness.
Etc.
At the end of a list introduced by such as, for example, or any similar expression, etc. is incorrect. In formal writing, etc. is a misfit. An item important enough to call for etc. is probably important enough to be named.
Factor
A hackneyed（〔言辞等〕陈腐的，老生常谈的） word; the expressions of which it is a part can usually be replaced by something more direct and idiomatic.
Her superior training was the great factor in her winning the match.
She won the match by being better trained.
Air power is becoming an increasingly important factor in deciding battles.
Air power is playing a larger and larger part in deciding battles
Feature
Another hackneyed word; like factor, it usually adds nothing to the sentence in which it occurs.
A feature of the entertainment especially worthy of mention was the singing of Allison Jones.
Better use the same number of words to tell what Allison Jones sang and how she sang it.
Fortuitous
Limited to what happens by chance. Not to be used for fortunate or lucky.
However
Avoid starting a sentence with however when the meaning is "nevertheless." The word usually serves better when not in first position.
The roads were almost impassable.
However, we at last succeeded in reaching camp.
The roads were almost impassable. At last, however, we succeeded in reaching camp.
Imply. Infer.
. Something implied is something suggested or indicated, though not expressed.
Farming implies early rising.
Something inferred is something deduced from evidence at hand.
Since she was a farmer, we inferred that she got up early.
Importantly.
Avoid by rephrasing.
More importantly, he paid for the damages.
What's more, he paid for the damages.
With the breeze freshening, he altered course to pass inside the island. More importantly, as things turned out, he tucked in a reef.
With the breeze freshening, he altered course to pass inside the island. More important, as things turned out, he tucked in a reef.
In regard to.
Often wrongly written in regards to.
But as regards is correct, and means the same thing.
In terms of
A piece of padding usually best omitted.
The job was unattractive in terms of salary.
The salary made the job unattractive.
Interesting
An unconvincing word; avoid it as a means of introduction.
An interesting story is told of
(Tell the story without preamble.)
Also to be avoided in introduction is the word funny. Nothing becomes funny by being labeled so.
Lay
lie, lay, lain, lying
lay, laid, laid, laying
Meaningful
A bankrupt adjective. Choose another, or rephrase.
His was a meaningful contribution.
His contribution counted heavily.
One
In the sense of "a person," not to be followed by his or her.
One must watch his step.
One must watch one's step.
(You must watch your step.)
One of the most.
Avoid this feeble formula.
There is nothing wrong with the grammar; the formula is simply threadbare.
Participle for verbal noun
There was little prospect of the Senate accepting even this compromise.
There was little prospect of the Senate's accepting even this compromise.
There was great dissatisfaction with the decision of the arbitrators being favorable to the company.
There was great dissatisfaction with the arbitrators' decision in favor of the company.
Personally
Often unnecessary.
Prestigious
Often an adjective of last resort. It's in the dictionary, but that doesn't mean you have to use it.
Respective. Respectively
The mile run and the two-mile run were won by Jones and Cummings respectively.
The mile run was won by Jones, the two- mile run by Cummings.
Secondly, thirdly, etc
Unless you are prepared to begin with firstly and defend it (which will be difficult), do not prettify numbers with -ly. Modern usage prefers second, third, and so on.
State
Not to be used as a mere substitute for say, remark. Restrict it to the sense of "express fully or clearly"
He refused to state his objections.
Than
Any sentence with than (to express comparison) should be examined to make sure no essential words are missing.
I'm probably closer to my mother than my father. (Ambiguous.)
I'm probably closer to my mother than to my father.
I'm probably closer to my mother than my father is.
It looked more like a cormorant than a heron.
It looked more like a cormorant than like a heron.
They. He or She
Do not use they when the antecedent is a distributive expression such as each, each one, everybody, every one, many a man. Use the singular pronoun.
Tortuous. Torturous
Unique
Means "without like or equal." Hence, there can be no degrees of uniqueness.
The balancing act was very unique.
The balancing act was unique.
Of all the spiders, the one that lives in a bubble under water is the most unique.
Among spiders, the one that lives in a bubble under water is unique.
Would
Commonly used to express habitual or repeated action. ("He would get up early and prepare his own breakfast before he went to work.")
But when the idea of habit or repetition is expressed, in such phrases as once a year, every day, each Sunday, the past tense, without would, is usually sufficient, and, from its brevity, more emphatic.
Once a year he would visit the old mansion.
Once a year he visited the old mansion.
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