托福阅读真题练习，对提高阅读有良好的效果，今天重庆新航道小编整理了历年托福真题及答案解析，希望对大家托福的学习有所帮助。
In discussing the growth of cities in the United States in the nineteenth centuryone cannot really use the term "urban planning,” as it suggests modern concerns for spatial and service organization which, in most instancesdid not exist before the planning revolution called the City Beautiful Movement that beaan in the 1890s.While there certainly were urban areas that were"planned” in the comprehensive contemporary sense of the word before that date, most
notably WashingtonD.Cthese were the exception. Most“planned"in the nineteenth century was limited to areas much smaller than a city and was closely associated with developers trying to
make a profit from a piece of land.Even when these small-scale plans were well designed, the developers made only those improvements that were absolutely necessary to attract the wealthy segment of the market.Indeed,it was the absence of true urban planning that allowed other factors to play such an important role in shaping the nineteenth-century American city.
1.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted
sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A.Understanding the growth of cities in nineteenth-century America requires recognizing how the City Beautiful Movement of the 1890s changed "urban planning.
B.For the most part there was no urban planning”as that term is understood today before the beqinning of the City Beautiful Movement in the 1890s.
C.oncerns for spatial and service organization had little impact on the growth of cities before the 1890s when the City Beautiful Movement began.
D.The growth of cities in nineteenth-century America resulted in the creation of the City Beautiful Movement in the 1890s and the rise of the term "urban planning."
首先我们先明确题目的要求，其实题目中一共应该是3个核心重点要求:
(1)best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage
(2)Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways
(3)or leave out essential information.
通过对题目的分析我们不难发现，essential这个单词出现了2次，换言之，题目要求大家做的是“找出句子的核心含义”，那么什么算是“核心含义”呢?要明白这个问题就要深刻理解一个概念:英语句内逻辑结构
比如
althoughAB中AB两部分为让步转折关系，核心点是转折后的B句，becauseAB中AB两部分为因
朱天茶用羊云 炫心点是结论句，相这样的理论我们来对之前的句子进行心下外理。，核心总是结论8句。很据这样的埋论我们来对之别的句子进行以个外埋
(1)找到逻辑关系词:
In discussing the growth of cities in the United States in the nineteenth centuryone cannot really use the term "urban planning”as it suggests modern concerns for spatial and service
organization which, in most instances,did not exist before the planning revolution called the Cit
Beautiful Movement that began in the1890s
AasB因果关系，核心是结论A
(2)找到从句/分句链接词和从句/分句
(分句)In discussingthe qrowth of cities in the United States in the nineteenth centuryone cannot really use the term "urban planning,”as it suggests modern concerns for spatial and service organization which(从句)in most instancesdid not exist before the planning revolution called the City Beautiful Movement that began in the1890s
(3)剔除次要成分，从句，分句，仅保留句子主干
one cannot really use the term urban planning
(4)根据句子逻辑按照重要级进行排列
①one cannot really use the term urban planning
②as it suggests modern concerns for spatial and service organization
③which, in most instancesdid not exist before the planning revolution called the City Beautiful Movement that began in the1890s
④In discussing the growth of cities in the United States in the nineteenth century
到此为止，我们已经顺利完成了对这句话的拆分，也明白了整句话中那部分是最重要的，那部分是次要的，下一步就应该考虑选项的选择了。
因为题目的要求是:Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information
所以正确选项的逻辑应该是:在保证有重点①的情况下，越详细越好，但只要没有重点①，那就一定是错误选项。
到此，其实正确答案已经顺利浮出水面，就是B选项:For the most partthere was no "urban planning," as that term is understood todaybefore the beginning of the City Beautiful
Movement in the1890s
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