托福阅读中有一类题型虽然看着难度不大，但做起来却非常繁琐，可以说是比较占用考试时间的题，这个题型叫做Negative Factual Information Question，也就是否定事实信息题。下面小编就通过实例为大家讲解这个题型的解题思路，帮助大家提升应对这一题型的能力。
托福阅读否定事实信息题基本题型特点介绍
首先来看一下到底什么是否定事实信息题Negative Factual Information Question，这一题型在小编看来其实类似事实信息题，只不过其提问方式是反过来的，别人问的哪个选项在文章中有提到，而否定事实信息题则是问以下哪个选项文章里没有提到或是不正确，下面给出两个此题型的标准提问方式：
1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of X?
2. The author's description of X mentions all of the following EXCEPT.
大家可以看到，这两种提问方式，都是和事实信息题反其道而行的提问方式，如果说事实信息题考生无需看完全部选项，只要依次看选项，看到哪一个文章里有提到就能直接选的话，那么否定事实信息题就要求考生必须把所有的选项都仔细过一遍才能比较容易的发现正确选项。
为什么说否定事实信息题是鸡肋题型?
之所以把否定事实信息题成为鸡肋题型，主要原因还是在于解答这类题型投入的时间精力和回报并不成比了，简单来说，如果不掌握正确方法，做这类题型基本上都是在做亏本买卖。而会招致这种鸡肋评价的原因主要有两点：
1. 正常流程解题耗时多
如上文所说，考生按照正常流程解答否定事实信息题的耗时是比较多的，因为每道题目4个选项中，有3个选项是文章中提到过或是符合文章内容的选项，为了确认这些选项的正确性考生往往会逐一到文章里去寻找各个选项的对应内容，之后才能找到哪个选项没有提到或是存在错误。这个解题流程的耗时可能是解答其它题型的好几倍，但题目的基本分值却是相同的，由此其性价比也就变得很低了。
2. 自带审题陷阱针对粗心考生
另外，细心看过上面题目提问方式的同学可能已经发现了，无论是NOT还是EXCEPT，虽然都特意进行了大写处理，但因为其所在位置处于题目的末尾处，因此对于一些看题不仔细，没看完全部题目就开始做题的粗心考生来说，这种提问方式本身也是自带陷阱的，常会有考生一不小心就看成了相反的题目要求做错题目。明明难度并不算高，做起来却那么费时间又容易出错，也难怪这一题型会不受大家待见了。
否定事实信息题实用解题思路实例分析
那么，面对这样鸡肋的否定事实信息题，考生是否有较为快捷高效率的解题方法思路呢，答案当然是有的，下面小编就通过实例来为大家做具体分析：
例题：
Darwin's theory is that 'selective breeding' occurs in nature as 'natural selection' is the engine behind evolution. Thus, the theory provides an excellent basis for understanding how organisms change over time. Nevertheless, it is just a theory and elusively difficult to prove. One of the major holes in Darwin's theory revolves around “irreducibly complex systems.” An irreducibly complex system is known as a system where many different parts must all operate together. As a result, in the absence of one, the system as a whole collapses. Consequently, as modern technology improves, science can identify these “irreducibly complex systems” even at microscopic levels. These complex systems, if so inter-reliant, would be resistant to Darwin's supposition of how evolution occurs. As Darwin himself admitted, “To suppose that the eye with all its inimitable contrivances for adjusting the focus for different distances, for admitting different amounts of light, and for the correction of spherical and chromatic aberration, could have been formed by natural selection, seems, I free confess, absurd in the highest degree.
Question: All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 4 as a viewpoint to state the natural selection is difficult to prove EXCEPT
A. The belief that the complexity of the human eye could have been formed by natural selection seems highly unlikely
B. The presence of irreducibly complex system contradicts how evolution occurs
C. Modern microbiology proves that irreducibly complex systems exist
D. Selective breeding is the major hole in the theory of natural selection
上面这道题就是一道较为标准的否定事实信息题，想要较为快速的解答这类题型，小编的建议有如下几点：
1. 先看题目再看文章
现在大部分考生采取的托福阅读的解题流程都是边看文章边做题，这么做效率会比较高一些，这种做法小编也是比较支持的，但在具体操作上，小编的建议是考生可以先看一下题目所属的段落，然后再根据题目来逐段阅读，也就是说，大家在开始看每段文章前，先把根据这段文章提出的几道题目都简单审一下题，之后再看文章边看边找答案。这种做法对于提升否定事实信息题的解题效率会很有帮助，先圈定了对应段落，考生需要查看核对选项是否提及或是正确与否的范围自然也会缩小很多，核对起信息来效率就能得到提升了。
以上面这一题为例，题目中直接告诉了大家这道题就是围绕着paragraph4来出的，因此考生只需要关注这个段落就可以找到答案。如果考生先看过了题目，了解了4个选项的大概意思，之后再仔细阅读一遍第四段，那么想要找出正确答案想必会省力很多。
2. 归纳段落大意和核心信息
确定好题目的对应段落，接下来大家就需要在阅读文章的同时归纳段落大意和核心信息了，因为否定事实信息题涉及到的都是文章里的事实信息，所以考生只要对段落里包含的各类事实信息进行整理归纳，再逐一对应到选项上进行排除就能迅速找到答案。
比如上面这道题，选项A对应的是文章文末 “As Darwin himself admitted, “To suppose that the eye with all its inimitable contrivances for adjusting the focus for different distances, for admitting different amounts of light, and for the correction of spherical and chromatic aberration, could have been formed by natural selection”.
选项B对应的是“One of the major holes in Darwin's theory revolves around “irreducibly complex systems.” An irreducibly complex system is known as a system where many different parts must all operate together. As a result, in the absence of one, the system as a whole collapses.”和“These complex systems, if so inter-reliant, would be resistant to Darwin's supposition of how evolution occurs”
选项C对应的是“Consequently, as modern technology improves, science can identify these “irreducibly complex systems” even at microscopic levels.”
唯独选项D没有对应内容，文中提到的major hole是irreducibly complex systems而并非selective breeding，因此这个选项才是本题要选的选项。
从上面这道例题就可以看出，考生想要较为迅速地解答否定事实信息题，其实掌握方法后还是可以做到的，只需要按照上面这两点来解题，小编相信大家的解题效率和正确率都会得到提升。
以上就是关于托福阅读的相关资讯，如果你想了解更多托福的相关课程，留学规划或者有任何疑问，欢迎联系新航道重庆学校。
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