在雅思写作备考中，如果有丰富的雅思写作背景材料作为支撑，会起到事半功倍的效果。下面是重庆新航道学校为各位考生整理的雅思写作背景材料及解析，希望大家在备考中能利用到。

题目

The shortage of housing in big cities can cause severe consequences, and only government action can solve the problem.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

解析

1.本题属于政府类话题;2022年的考频为5次 (截止2022年11月30日中国大陆纸笔考试)。

2.考点:住房紧张，政府需要做什么

3.难点:政府类话题总的来说跟社会类话题都是有交集的，例如跟住房和养老的关系，同时还有对于孩子的不健康生活习惯和方式是否负责。因为涉及到政府的职能，需要考生具备相关的话题词汇，比如政府相关部门的名称。相比于教育话题，很多考生会对政府类话题不太熟悉，平时的知识储备不够，这需要多看一些政府类话题的文章或者考官范文。

4.类似的真题

Many cities use parks and farmland to build houses.ls it a positive or negative development? 许多城市利用公园和农田建造房屋这是积极的还是消极的发展?(2022.0319)

原文节选:

住房短缺的原因和影响是什么。

In most countries, the cost of housing has grown faster than incomes, data from the lnternationalMonetary Fund shows.

In a study of 200 cities globally，90% were found to be unaffordable to live in, with the average home costing more than three times the average income.

解析:这一部分说到人们买不起房子的原因是房价相比工资收入太高了

词汇: unaffordable;average income。

雅思写作背景材料1:

a) ln some big cities in China like Beijing and Shanghai, the houses can be unaffordable for mostlocal residents.

b) ln the city of Shengzhen, a two-bedroom apartment costs more than 50 times the average income of workers in this city.

A shortage of land,lending,labour and materials since the financial crisis in 2008 are the main causes of the US housing shortage the Moody's study finds.

This has driven up costs and cut the profit margins builders can make. They have less incentive to build more homes,"particularly lower-priced housing with lower margins" Moody's Analytics says.

COVID-19 is considered to have made the housing crisis worse, as buyers and renters looked for more space during lockdowns Historically low-interest rates in many countries, which make it cheap to borrow money, have fuelled this phenomenon.

解析:这一部分提到了土地，信贷，劳动力和原材料短缺是住房短缺的主要原因。

词汇：drive up: cut the profit marains:incentive

雅思写作背景材料2：

a) The influx of new comers to a big city drives up the price of housing dramatically.

b) Increasing lending rates cuts the profit margins builders can make.

c) With artificial control of housing prices from the government real-estate developers have less incentive to build more homes.

政府能做什么:原文

How are governments tackling the housing crisis?

The world needs to build 96,000 new affordable homes every day to house the estimated 3 billion people who will need access to adequate housing by 2030,UN-Habitat says.

The organization says its advice has helped 43 countries improve their housing policies.

For example,one of its programmes helps countries with urban planning. Countries experiencing huge influxes of migrants ano refugees - including Cameroon, Egypt, and Jordan - are among its beneficiaries.

Japan has been very successful in supplying affordable housing even in big cities, according to the Centre for Cities, a think tank in the United Kingdom. Simple planning laws that encourage development in response to need and favourable property taxes are part of its approach.

In the US, the government is pledging to close America's housino supply shortage in five years. lts plans include incentives to relax state and local land use laws and requlations that limit housing density Other plans include introducing new ways to finance housebuilding

In Scotland, the Scottish Government plans to increase the supply of homes by 2040 through policies including a range of funding mechanisms to build affordable homes.

In India, a new building system that uses low-cost, prefabricated panels made from waste material has been approved by the government and is expected to cut the cost of building homes.

Other initiatives include the development of 3D-printed homes in Africa，Mexico,India，Europe and other regions. 3D printing can produce high-quality homes much more quickly and cheaply than traditionalconstruction.

解析:这一部分提到了一些国家政府采取的措施来解决住房短缺，包括法律的修改，融资的改革，还有新技术比如3D打印的运用。

词汇:

beneficiaries 受益者

favourable property taxes

relax state and local land use laws

finance housebuilding

low-cost,prefabricated panels 低0的预制板

雅思写作背景材料3：

a)Those medium and low-income population will be the beneficiaries ofthis favourable property taxes reform .

b) China needs to relax its state and local land use laws in order to provide more land for housebuilding.

c) Coordinated efforts from local governments and banks are needed to finance housebuilding

d) In some developing countries, the wide use of low cost prefabricated panels made from waste material has greatly cut the cost ofhousebuilding.

以上内容来源于重庆新航道学校雅思教研组陈韬老师，陈韬老师毕业于香港浸会大学英语教学硕士专业，具备六年雅思托福教学经验，获有托福官方教师培训证书，善于发现学生短板，并针对性地进行讲解。善于启发学生思考并帮助学生养成主动学习的能力。课堂风格幽默但是不失严肃。对于学生提出的每--个问题都会耐心的解答，对于学生的每一个进步都会及时的鼓励。我相信只要学生和老师一起努力，高分都触手可及!