雅思口语考试中Pronunciation(发音) 是四项评分标准之一,平时同学们备考会花很多时间在 Fluency & Coherence (流利度与连贯度)、Lexical Resource (词汇量)、Grammatical Range & Accuracy (语法范围与准确度)上面,很少有同学会有意识地注意自己的发音。
虽然,在口语考试中考生可以有一定的口音,但是发音这一项并不只是要求单词发音正确,理想的连读、恰当地停顿、单词的重音、以及自然的语调都是需要同学们注意提高的。那么这几项到底如何提高呢,其中的原则又是怎样呢?
示例
我们以下面这道part3 真题为例,来讲一讲发音的具体规则:
Part 3
Q: What kind of work do you think is the most challenging?
A: In the fast-changing world of modern healthcare, I think the job of a doctor is the most challenging one. And I would say it is more and more like the job of a chief executive. The people who run hospitals and physicians’ practices don’t just need to know medicine. They must also be able to balance budgets, motivate a large and diverse staff and make difficult marketing and legal decisions which means as a doctor, he or she should master variety of skills.
正确读法标注版:
连读为蓝色字体;重读为加粗字体;停顿为 /;升降调为↑↓。
In the fast-changing world of modern healthcare↑, / I think the job of a doctor is the most challenging one↓. /And I would say / it is more and more like the job of a chief executive↓. / The people / who run hospitals and physicians’ practices don’t just need to know medicine↓. They must also be able to balance budgets↑, / motivate a large and diverse staff↑ / and make difficult marketing and legal decisions↓, / which means as a doctor, he or she should master variety of skills. ↓
一. 连读的单词
一般情况下连读有两种情况:
a. 连读时的吞音。就是吞掉一个音位,一个音素,通常吞掉的是单词最后的t, d例如:
fast-changing fas-changing
I would say I woul-say
don’t just need to know
don-jus-nee-to know
diverse staff divers-taff
b. 直接连读catenation / linking,前一个词以辅音发音结尾,后一个以元音发音开头会用连读,例如:
of a of-a
二.需要注意重音的单词
在连贯的话语中,不可能所有单词都同样重要,因此我们需要区分关键词和相对次要的单词,然后将关键词重读,例如:
They must also be able to balance budgets, motivate a large and diverse staff and make difficult marketing and legal decisions, which means as a doctor, he or she should master variety of skills.
三. 需要停顿的点
a. 一般情况下,在口语陈述过程中,我们首先需要在标点符号处停顿,例如:
In the fast-changing world of modern healthcare, / I think the job of a doctor is the most challenging one.
b. 除此之外,当分句出现时也需要断句,例如:
The people / who run hospitals and physicians’ practices don’t just need to know medicine.
c. 在说较长的句子时,我们也需要根据意群进行停顿,例如:
They must also be able to balance budgets, / motivate a large and diverse staff / and make difficult marketing and legal decisions, / which means as a doctor, he or she should master variety of skills.
四. 确定每句断句和结尾处升降调
在口语考试过程中,即使考生绝大多数时间都是在做陈述(通常为降调),仍然有部分情况需要升调。具体的升降调情况如下。
a. 降调情况:
1. 陈述句,例如:
The people who run hospitals and physicians’ practices don’t just need to know medicine↓.
2. 感叹句;
3. 以when,where, how 等开头的特殊疑问句;
b. 升调情况:
1. 疑问句;
2. 陈述句较长,中间划分意群,例如:
They must also be able to balance budgets↑, motivate a large and diverse staff↑ and make difficult marketing and legal decisions, which means as a doctor, he or she should master variety of skills.
总结:口语考试中的发音除了简单的跟读之外,也需要同学们了解发音的细节规则,并且进行有针对性的练习。这样在备考的过程中才可以有的放矢,实现提分。
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