在GMAT批判性推理中， 方案推理以其综合性著称， 会以各种文本论证结构出现，分布于不同的推理题型中，充分体现了对商科中侧重的决策能力考察。由于其综合性，在处理方案推理时，可以结合文本论证结构判断，方案推理评估方向及题干类型限定三方面进行决策，从而快速进行优选+优排。以下是处理方案推理的基本解题思路：
解题思路请参照以下例题分析：
Last year all refuse collected by Shelbyville city services was incinerated， This incineration generated a large quantity of residual ash.ln order to reduce the amount of residualash Shelbyville generates this year to half of last year's total， the city has revamped its collection program.This year city service swill separate for recycling enough refuse to reduce the number of truckloads of refuse to be incinerated to half of last years number.
Which of the following is required for the revamped collection program to achieve its aim?
A.This year， no materials that city services could separate for recycling will be incinerated.
B.Separating recyclable materials from materials to be incinerated will cost Shelbyville less than half what it cost last year to
dispose of the residual ash.
C.Refuse collected by city services will contain a larger
proportion of recyclable materials this year than it did last year.
D.The refuse incinerated this year will generate no more
residual ash per truckload incinerated than did the refuse incinerated last year.
E.The total quantity of refuse collected by Shelbyville city
services this year will be no greater than that collected last year.
本题涉及的内容和近年来比较热门的垃圾分类回收有关。其文本论证结构中的目标，方案如下：
Goal：ln order to reduce the amount of residual ash Shelbyville generates this year to half of last year's total
Plan：revampedits collection program——this year city services will separate for recycling enough refuse to reduce the number of truckloads of refuse to be incinerated to half of last years number.
文本内容提到试图通过改变垃圾回收项目，即通过“将今年
的垃圾分类使得回收的垃圾数量足够多，从而把今年要燃烧垃圾的卡车数量减少到去年燃烧垃圾卡车数量的一半”达到将今年焚烧产生的垃圾残灰量减少到去年垃圾残灰量一半的目标。在这里，要特别注意方案的准确理解，因为很多同学容易误把方案理解为今年燃烧的垃圾数量(或者质量)减少到去年的一半。文本内容中提到的“燃烧垃圾的卡车数量减少到去年燃烧垃圾卡车数量的一半”并不能等同于燃烧垃圾数量或者质量的一半，因为垃圾的种类不同导致装满卡车的垃圾数量或者质量并不一定等同。另外就算能保证上述等同，也不一定能达到总的残灰量减少到去年的一半，因为影响总残灰量的因素除了燃烧垃圾卡车数量之外还有其它的因素比如每卡车垃圾所产生的灰。基于以上信息，此方案评估方向中需要涉及到燃烧的垃圾卡车数量或者每卡车垃圾所产生的灰和总的垃圾残灰量之间的逻辑联系。
本推理题干Which of the following is required for the revamped collection program to achieve its aim?要求找到方案达成目标的
必要条件(使方案到结论必然成立)，属于增加推理成立可能性的方案推理类型。
结合文本论证内容，方案的可行性/可操作性/否定性副作用以及题干要求对选项进行优排和优选：
A选项和文中提到的方案无关，不属于方案评估方向，排除。
B.从要燃烧的垃圾中回收材料的成本比去年处理残灰所需成本低一半。成本低一半这个事实也不能保证残灰量能到去年一半。和文本提到的方案无关，不属于方案评估方向，排除。
C.与去年相比，今年回收的垃圾包含的可回收材料占比更大。这个事实条件有利于方案本身的推行，但是可回收材料占比更大也不能保证残灰量能减少到去年一半的这个目标实现。选项没能提到影响方案到目标成立的限制条件truckload， 排除。
D.今年每卡车垃圾燃烧产生的残灰量不会多于去年每卡车垃圾所产生的残灰量。这个事实条件和文本中提到的方案事实条件一起能使得残灰量减少到去年一半的目标实现。既涉及到了文本提到的方案以及评估方向中的限制因素，也满足题干要求，属于方案的可行性条件，所以此选项是原文本中方案推理
所需的必要条件，优选。
E.今年总的收集垃圾数量不会多于去年回收的垃圾数量。选项和文中提到的方案无关，不属于方案评估方向，排除。
今天的备考小课堂就讲到这里，大家对于方案推理的解题过程清楚了吗?可以用下面一道题来练习一下。
Businesses are suffering because of a lack of money available for development loans.To help businesses， the government plans to modify the income-taxstructure in order to induce individual
taxpayers to put a larger portion of their incomes into retirement savings accounts， because as more money is deposited in such accounts， more money becomes available to borrowers.
Which of the following， if true， raises the most serious doubt regarding the effectiveness of the governments plan to increase
the amount of money available for development loans for businesses?
A.When level sof personal retirement saving sin crease，consumer borrowing always increases correspondingly.
B.The increased tax revenue the government would receive as a result of business expansion would not offset the loss in revenue from personal income taxes during the first year of the plan.
C.Even with tax incentives， some people will choose not to increase their levels of retirement savings.
D.Bankers generally will not continue to lend money to businesses whose prospective earnings are insufficient to meet their loan repayment schedules.
E.The modified tax structure would give all taxpayers，
regardless of their incomes， the same tax savings for a given increase in their retirement savings.
以上就是新航道重庆小编给大家分享的关于GMAT的相关内容。如果大家想要了解更多或者有任何疑问，欢迎联系新航道重庆学校。
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